The Penn State ORSER system for processing and analyzing ERTS and other MSS data

The author has identified the following significant results. The office for Remote Sensing of Earth Resources (ORSER) of the Space Science and Engineering Laboratory at the Pennsylvania State University has developed an extensive operational system for processing and analyzing ERTS-1 and similar multispectral data. The ORSER system was developed for use by a wide variety of researchers working in remote sensing. Both photointerpretive techniques and automatic computer processing methods have been developed and used, separately and in a combined approach. A remote Job Entry system permits use of an IBM 370/168 computer from any compatible remote terminal, including equipment tied in by long distance telephone connections. An elementary cost analysis has been prepared for the processing of ERTS data

Chromosomal Location of Lectin Genes Indicates They Are Not the Basis of Rhizobium Strain Specificity Mutations Identified in Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

A lectin gene family is located on linkage group 7 in pea. The lectin genes are arranged as a cluster, with no recombination observed within the multigene family. A lectinlike cDNA clone, pEA207, and eight DNA fragments generated by random priming also were mapped in the region of the lectin genes. None of the known pea mutants altering Rhizobium leguminosarum strain specificity map to this region of the genome, and therefore their altered specificities appear not to be directly produced by mutations in the lectin gene

Extensive Conservation of Linkage Relationships Between Pea and Lentil Genetic Maps

A 560-cM linkage map consisting of 64 morphological, isozyme, and DNA markers, has been developed from an interspecific cross (Lens ervoides × L. Culinaris). In addition, nine markers were scored that assorted independently of any of the multilocus linkage groups. Comparison of this map with that established previously for Pisum sativum reveals eight regions in which linkages among marker loci appear to have been conserved since the divergence of the two genera. These conserved linkage groups constitute at least 250 cM, or approximately 40% of the known linkage map for Lens. The two genera represent disparate lineages within the legume tribe Vicease, indicating that all members of this tribe may possess linkage groups similar to those identified in Lens and Pisum. Instances where the Pisum and Lens maps differed included the regions surrounding the 45S ribosomal tandem repeats and the position and distribution of the genes encoding the small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase. We also found a highly repeated sequence unique to Lens that maps within a linkage group shared between the two genera and a cDNA sequence that displays significant variation in copy number within the genus Len

Photointerpretation of Skylab photography

The author has identified the following significant results. In terms of film grain texture and object definition, the S190B color positive film is distinctly superior to the S190A films, when both are compared in the 9 x 9 inch format. Within the six S190A films, the panchromatic black and white films are superior to the infrared black and white, and the color positive film is superior to the color infrared. Minimum relief differences on the order of 500 to 100 feet could be detected by stereoscopic study, however, it is not possible to determine to what extent vegetation and cultural practices assist in such delineations. Water and wind gaps through major ridges were easily seen. Streams of third order and larger were clearly visible and easy to trace; second order streams were not identified with consistency. Differences in color, tone, and textural patterns rarely supplied clues for differentiating soils or bedrock. The separation of naturally forested areas from areas of cultivation and pasture was effective and a valuable clue to the underlying geology. Suburban and industrial developments were clearly differentiated from urban areas and surrounding agricultural fields. Soil associations could be identified on a regional basis, but no sharp boundary could be drawn separating soil associations

Inheritance and Linkage Relationships of Morphological and Isozyme Loci in Lentil (Lens Miller)

Allozyme polymorphisms for 18 loci are described and their monogenic inheritance is demonstrated. We investigated linkage relationships among the 18 isozyme loci as well as four genes controlling morphological traits. Six small linkage groups were identified, containing 14 of the loci analyzed. Several of these groups appear to be conserved between Lens and Pisum, indicating that this intergeneric comparison may expedite genetic studies and breeding programs in both crop

Duplication of Aldolase and Esterase Loci in Cicer (Cicereae Alef.)

The genetic control of fructose bisphosphate aldolase (ALDO, EC 4.1.2.13) and esterase (EST, EC 3.1.1.2) isozymes in Cicer was studied by starch gel electrophoresis. Fixed heterozygote enzyme phenotypes were observed in homozygous lines for both Aldo-1, Aldo-2 and Est-4, Est-5. Crosses between the individuals carrying different alleles of the duplicated genes gave rise to asymmetrically staining bands for both enzyme systems. Subcellular localization studies demonstrated that the products of duplicated aldolase loci are present in the plastids, whereas duplicated esterase isozymes were found in the cytosolic compartment. Selfing and crossing experiments revealed that there are two nuclear genes encoding the plastid specific ALDO isozymes (Aldo-1 and Aldo-2). Similarly, EST-4 and EST-5 isozymes are specified by two nuclear genes (Est-4 and Est-5). No linkage was found between any of the duplicated genes and the other isozyme loci examined in this study. Taxonomic distribution of both duplications was examined in the electrophoretic survey of the related species. Present evidence suggests that these duplications are unique and probably occurred only in this monophyletic tribe, Cicereae, since no duplication was reported in the related genera. No evidence for mutations silencing any of the duplicated copies was detected in the genus. Although the mechanism for duplications is not known, evidence for translocations in Cicer and the existence of a similar linkage between ALDO and EST isozymes in related genera indicate that both duplications may have arisen simultaneously via duplication of a chromosomal segment carrying the ancestral state of the gene

Geographic Variation in Body Size and Weight of Willow Ptarmigan

Reports results of multiple range test comparisons of wing, tail and net body weight measurements of 2600 specimens collected in Alaska and adjacent Yukon Territory. Populations from different geographic areas showed statistically significant differences but uniformity within recognizable subspecies. Lagopus lagopus alascensis has the largest range in Alaska and occurs at least to Old Crow in the Yukon. L.l.albus occurs from central Yukon Territory eastward and south to northern British Columbia and west into Alaska in the upper Tanana valley and south of the Alaska Range to the Susitna River. L.l. alexandrae occupies the Alaska and Kenai Peninsulas and a narrow margin of the Gulf of Alaska coast south into British Columbia. L.l. murei is distributed on Kodiak Island, the Shumagins and the Aleutians from Unimak westward. The present distribution of these subspecies may be explained in part by their distribution at the time of the Wisconsin glaciation and their subsequent dispersal.Variations géographiques de la taille et du poids du Lagopède des saules. De multiples comparaisons de mesures des ailes, de la queue et du poids net de 2,600 spécimens de lagopède des saules (Lagopus lagopus) recueillis en Alaska et dans la partie adjacente du territoire du Yukon, ont démontré des différences statistiquement significatives entre les populations des différentes aires géographiques, mains ont aussi indiqué une surprenante uniformité parmi les populations désignées comme sous-espèces reconnaissables.Les précédentes distributions d'habitat, basées sur la couleur du plumage et la taille du bec, distinguaient L. l. alascensis de L. l. albus à la frontière Alaska-Yukon. Sur la base des nouvelles mesures, on croit que la population du L. l. alascensis plus gros s'étend vers l'Est dans le territoire du Yukon au moins jusqu'à Old Crow, tandis que le L. l. albus plus petit s'étend vers l'Ouest à travers l'Alaska, dans la haute vallée de la Tanana et au Sud de la chaîne alaskienne jusqu'à la Sustina. On suppose que la distribution présente des diverses sous-espèces du Logopède des saules en Alaska peut s'expliquer par leur distribution à l'époque de la glaciation wisconsienne et par leur dispersion subséquente